ChildNode.after()

The ChildNode.after() method inserts a set of Node or DOMString objects in the children list of this ChildNode's parent, just after this ChildNode. DOMString objects are inserted as equivalent Text nodes.

[Throws, Unscopable]
void ChildNode.after((Node or DOMString)... nodes);

nós

A set of Node or DOMString objects to insert.

• HierarchyRequestError: Nó não pode ser inserido até que seja especificado o ponto da hierarquia. 

var parente = document.createElement("div");
var filho = document.createElement("p");
parente.appendChild(filho);
var span = document.createElement("span");

filho.after(span);

console.log(parente.outerHTML);
// "<div><p></p><span></span></div>"

var parente = document.createElement("div");
var filho = document.createElement("p");
parente.appendChild(filho);

filho.after("Text");

console.log(parente.outerHTML);
// "<div><p></p>Text</div>"

var parente = document.createElement("div");
var filho = document.createElement("p");
parente.appendChild(filho);
var span = document.createElement("span");

filho.after(span, "Text");

console.log(parente.outerHTML);
// "<div><p></p><span></span>Text</div>"

The after() method is not scoped into the with statement. Veja Symbol.unscopables para maior infomação.

with(node) {
  after("foo");
}
// ReferenceError: after is not defined 

Você pode usar polyfill com  o método  after()  no Internet Explorer 9 e com o seguinte código:

//from: https://github.com/jserz/js_piece/blob/master/DOM/ChildNode/after()/after().md
(function (arr) {
  arr.forEach(function (item) {
    if (item.hasOwnProperty('after')) {
      return;
    }
    Object.defineProperty(item, 'after', {
      configurable: true,
      enumerable: true,
      writable: true,
      value: function after() {
        var argArr = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments),
          docFrag = document.createDocumentFragment();

        argArr.forEach(function (argItem) {
          var isNode = argItem instanceof Node;
          docFrag.appendChild(isNode ? argItem : document.createTextNode(String(argItem)));
        });

        this.parentNode.insertBefore(docFrag, this.nextSibling);
      }
    });
  });
})([Element.prototype, CharacterData.prototype, DocumentType.prototype]);

//https://github.com/FabioVergani/js-Polyfill_Element.prototype.after/blob/master/after.js

(function(x){
 var o=x.prototype,p='after';
 if(!o[p]){
    o[p]=function(){
     var e, m=arguments, l=m.length, i=0, t=this, p=t.parentNode, n=Node, s=String, d=document;
     if(p!==null){
        while(i<l){
         e=m[i];
         if(e instanceof n){
            t=t.nextSibling;
            if(t!==null){
                p.insertBefore(e,t);
            }else{
                p.appendChild(e);
            };
         }else{
            p.appendChild(d.createTextNode(s(e)));
         };
         ++i;
        };
     };
    };
 };
})(Element);



/*
min:

(function(x){
 var o=x.prototype;
 o.after||(o.after=function(){var e,m=arguments,l=m.length,i=0,t=this,p=t.parentNode,n=Node,s=String,d=document;if(p!==null){while(i<l){((e=m[i]) instanceof n)?(((t=t.nextSibling )!==null)?p.insertBefore(e,t):p.appendChild(e)):p.appendChild(d.createTextNode(s(e)));++i;}}});
}(Element));

*/

• ChildNode and ParentNode
• ChildNode.before()
• ParentNode.append()
• Node.appendChild()
• NodeList