display

在 CSS 规范（特指 CSS Level 1/2/3 规范）中查阅 display 属性的所有取值时需要注意：个别取值的详细信息记录在独立的规范中。 例如，display: flex 的详细信息在 CSS Flexible Box Model 规范中记录。可以在本文档末尾的表格中查看所有有关的规范。

语法

display 属性使用关键字取值来指定，关键字取值被分为六类：

[ <display-outside> || <display-inside> ] | <display-listitem> | <display-internal> | <display-box> | <display-legacy>
where 
<display-outside> = block | inline | run-in
<display-inside> = flow | flow-root | table | flex | grid | ruby
<display-listitem> = <display-outside>? && [ flow | flow-root ]? && list-item
<display-internal> = table-row-group | table-header-group | table-footer-group | table-row | table-cell | table-column-group | table-column | table-caption | ruby-base | ruby-text | ruby-base-container | ruby-text-container
<display-box> = contents | none
<display-legacy> = inline-block | inline-list-item | inline-table | inline-flex | inline-grid

Outside

<display-outside>

这些关键字指定了元素的外部显示类型，实际上就是其在流式布局中的角色（即在流式布局中的表现）。

Valid <display-outside> values:

block

The element generates a block element box, generating line breaks both before and after the element when in the normal flow.

inline

The element generates one or more inline element boxes that do not generate line breaks before or after themselves. In normal flow, the next element will be on the same line if there is space

run-in 

The element generates a run-in box. If the adjacent sibling of the element defined as display: run-in box is a block box, the run-in box becomes the first inline box of the block box that follows it. 

Run-in elements act like inlines or blocks, depending on the surrounding elements. That is: If the run-in box contains a block box, same as block. If a block box follows the run-in box, the run-in box becomes the first inline box of the block box. If an inline box follows, the run-in box becomes a block box.

Note: Browsers that support the two value syntax, on finding the outer value only, such as when display: block or display: inline is specified, will set the inner value to flow. This will result in expected behavior; for example if you specify an element to be block, you would expect that the children of that element would participate in block and inline normal flow layout.

Inside

<display-inside>

这些关键字指定了元素的内部显示类型，它们定义了该元素内部内容的布局方式（假定该元素为非替换元素 non-replaced element）。

Valid <display-inside> values:

flow

The element lays out its contents using flow layout (block-and-inline layout).

If its outer display type is inline or run-in, and it is participating in a block or inline formatting context, then it generates an inline box. Otherwise it generates a block container box.

Depending on the value of other properties (such as position, float, or overflow) and whether it is itself participating in a block or inline formatting context, it either establishes a new block formatting context (BFC) for its contents or integrates its contents into its parent formatting context.

flow-root

The element generates a block element box that establishes a new block formatting context, defining where the formatting root lies.

table

These elements behave like HTML <table> elements. It defines a block-level box.

flex

The element behaves like a block element and lays out its content according to the flexbox model.

grid

The element behaves like a block element and lays out its content according to the grid model.

ruby

The element behaves like an inline element and lays out its content according to the ruby formatting model. It behaves like the corresponding HTML <ruby> elements.

Note: Browsers that support the two value syntax, on finding the inner value only, such as when display: flex or display: grid is specified, will set their outer value to block. This will result in expected behavior; for example if you specify an element to be display: grid, you would expect that the box created on the grid container would be a block level box.

List Item

<display-listitem>

将这个元素的外部显示类型变为 block 盒，并将内部显示类型变为多个 list-item inline 盒。

A single value of list-item will cause the element to behave like a list item. This can be used together with list-style-type and list-style-position.

list-item can also be combined with any <display-outside> keyword and the flow or flow-root <display-inside> keywords.

Note: In browsers that support the two-value syntax, if no inner value is specified it will default to flow. If no outer value is specified, the principal box will have an outer display type of block.

Internal

<display-internal>

有些布局模型（如 table 和 ruby）有着复杂的内部结构，因此它们的子元素可能扮演着不同的角色。这一类关键字就是用来定义这些“内部”显示类型，并且只有在这些特定的布局模型中才有意义。

Valid <display-internal> values:

table-row-group

These elements behave like <tbody> HTML elements.

table-header-group

These elements behave like <thead> HTML elements.

table-footer-group

These elements behave like <tfoot> HTML elements.

table-row

These elements behave like <tr> HTML elements.

table-cell

These elements behave like <td> HTML elements.

table-column-group

These elements behave like <colgroup> HTML elements.

table-column

These elements behave like <col> HTML elements.

table-caption

These elements behave like <caption> HTML elements.

ruby-base 

These elements behave like <rb> HTML elements.

ruby-text 

These elements behave like <rt> HTML elements.

ruby-base-container 

These elements behave like <rbc> HTML elements generated as anonymous boxes.

ruby-text-container 

These elements behave like <rtc> HTML elements.

Box

<display-box>

这些值决定元素是否使用盒模型。

Valid <display-box> values:

contents 

These elements don't produce a specific box by themselves. They are replaced by their pseudo-box and their child boxes. Please note that the CSS Display Level 3 spec defines how the contents value should affect "unusual elements" — elements that aren’t rendered purely by CSS box concepts such as replaced elements. See Appendix B: Effects of display: contents on Unusual Elements for more details.

Due to a bug in browsers this will currently remove the element from the accessibility tree — screen readers will not look at what's inside. See the Accessibility concerns section below for more details.

none

Turns off the display of an element so that it has no effect on layout (the document is rendered as though the element did not exist). All descendant elements also have their display turned off.
To have an element take up the space that it would normally take, but without actually rendering anything, use the visibility property instead.

Legacy

<display-legacy>

CSS 2 对于 display 属性使用单关键字语法，对于相同布局模式的 block 级和 inline 级变体需要使用单独的关键字。

Valid <display-legacy> values:

inline-block

The element generates a block element box that will be flowed with surrounding content as if it were a single inline box (behaving much like a replaced element would).

It is equivalent to inline flow-root.

inline-table

The inline-table value does not have a direct mapping in HTML. It behaves like an HTML <table> element, but as an inline box, rather than a block-level box. Inside the table box is a block-level context.

It is equivalent to inline table.

inline-flex

The element behaves like an inline element and lays out its content according to the flexbox model.

It is equivalent to inline flex.

inline-grid

The element behaves like an inline element and lays out its content according to the grid model.

It is equivalent to inline grid.

是否该继续使用 Legacy 取值？

CSS Level 3 规范详细说明了 display 属性的两类取值——显式地指定了外部和内部显示属性的规范——但是还没有被浏览器广泛支持。

<display-legacy> 方法允许使用单个关键字达到相同效果，开发者应该在双关键字取值被广泛支持之前采用这个方法。举例来说，你可以这样指定 inline flex 容器：

.container {
    display: inline-flex;
}

也可以用两个关键字来指定。

.container {
    display: inline flex;
}

有关规范变更的更多信息，查阅文章 Adapting to the new two-value syntax of display。

全局设置

/* Global values */
display: inherit;
display: initial;
display: unset;

指南和示例

上面 语法 部分提供了 display 取值的多个示例。下面的资料将详细介绍 display 的各个取值。

• 接受 display 新的二值语法

CSS Flow Layout (display: block, display: inline)

• 块级和内联元素在普通流中的布局
• 流布局和溢出
• 流布局和书写方法
• Formatting Contexts Explained
• 在流内和在流外

display: flex

• Basic concepts of flexbox
• 弹性盒模型的基本概念
• Aligning Items in a Flex Container
• Controlling Ratios of Flex Items Along the Main Axis
• Cross-browser Flexbox mixins
• Mastering Wrapping of Flex Items
• Ordering Flex Items
• Relationship of flexbox to other layout methods
• Backwards Compatibility of Flexbox
• Typical use cases of Flexbox

display: grid

• Basic Concepts of Grid Layout
• Relationship to other layout methods
• Line-based placement
• Grid template areas
• Layout using named grid lines
• Auto-placement in grid layout
• Box alignment in grid layout
• Grids, logical values and writing modes
• CSS Grid Layout and Accessibility
• CSS Grid Layout and Progressive Enhancement
• Realizing common layouts using grids

除此之外，你可以在 MDN 上找到布局模型的详细解释：

• CSS 网格布局
• CSS Flexible 布局
• CSS 布局 (初学者学习模块)

可访问性相关

display: none;

将 display 设置为 none 会将元素从 可访问性树 accessibility tree 中移除。这会导致该元素及其所有子代元素不再被屏幕阅读技术 screen reading technology 访问。

如果你只是想从视觉上隐藏这个元素，对可访问性更加友好的做法是使用 属性组合 来将其从屏幕上隐藏，但仍可以被屏幕阅读器 screen readers  等辅助技术解析。

display: contents;

当前大多数浏览器对 display: contents; 的实现是：将设置了该值的元素从 可访问性树 accessibility tree 中移除，但保留其子代元素。这会导致该元素自身不再被屏幕阅读技术 screen reading technology  访问。这在 CSS 规范 中被视为不正确的行为。

• More accessible markup with display: contents | Hidde de Vries
• Display: Contents Is Not a CSS Reset | Adrian Roselli

Tables

将 <table> 元素的 display 值修改为 block, grid, 或 flex 会修改其在 可访问性树 accessibility tree 中的表现，这会使得 table 元素不能被屏幕阅读技术正常处理。

• Short note on what CSS display properties do to table semantics — The Paciello Group
• Hidden content for better a11y | Go Make Things
• MDN Understanding WCAG, Guideline 1.3 explanations
• Understanding Success Criterion 1.3.1 | W3C Understanding WCAG 2.0

规范

浏览器兼容性

此页面上的兼容性表是根据结构化数据生成的。如果您想为数据做出贡献，请查看
https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data并向我们发送拉取请求。

参见

• Block and inline layout in normal flow
• Introduction to formatting contexts
• visibility, float, position
• grid, flex