grid-template-columns

Baseline Widely available

This feature is well established and works across many devices and browser versions. It’s been available across browsers since July 2020.

The grid-template-columns CSS property defines the line names and track sizing functions of the grid columns.

Try it

Syntax

css
/* Keyword value */
grid-template-columns: none;

/* <track-list> values */
grid-template-columns: 100px 1fr;
grid-template-columns: [linename] 100px;
grid-template-columns: [linename1] 100px [linename2 linename3];
grid-template-columns: minmax(100px, 1fr);
grid-template-columns: fit-content(40%);
grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 200px);
grid-template-columns: subgrid;
grid-template-columns: masonry;

/* <auto-track-list> values */
grid-template-columns: 200px repeat(auto-fill, 100px) 300px;
grid-template-columns:
  minmax(100px, max-content)
  repeat(auto-fill, 200px) 20%;
grid-template-columns:
  [linename1] 100px [linename2]
  repeat(auto-fit, [linename3 linename4] 300px)
  100px;
grid-template-columns:
  [linename1 linename2] 100px
  repeat(auto-fit, [linename1] 300px) [linename3];

/* Global values */
grid-template-columns: inherit;
grid-template-columns: initial;
grid-template-columns: revert;
grid-template-columns: revert-layer;
grid-template-columns: unset;

Values

none

Indicates that there is no explicit grid. Any columns will be implicitly generated and their size will be determined by the grid-auto-columns property.

[linename]

A <custom-ident> specifying a name for the line in that location. The ident may be any valid string other than the reserved words span and auto. Lines may have multiple names separated by a space inside the square brackets, for example [line-name-a line-name-b].

<length>

A non-negative length, giving the width of the column.

<percentage>

Is a non-negative <percentage> value relative to the inline size of the grid container. If the size of the grid container depends on the size of its tracks, then the percentage must be treated as auto. The intrinsic size contributions of the track may be adjusted to the size of the grid container and increase the final size of the track by the minimum amount that would result in honoring the percentage.

<flex>

Is a non-negative dimension with the unit fr specifying the track's flex factor. Each <flex>-sized track takes a share of the remaining space in proportion to its flex factor.

When appearing outside a minmax() notation, it implies an automatic minimum (i.e. minmax(auto, <flex>)).

max-content

Is a keyword representing the largest maximal content contribution of the grid items occupying the grid track. For example, if the first element of the grid track contains the sentence "Repetitio est mater studiorum" and the second element contains the sentence "Dum spiro, spero", maximal content contribution will be defined by the size of the largest sentence among all of the grid elements - "Repetitio est mater studiorum".

min-content

Is a keyword representing the largest minimal content contribution of the grid items occupying the grid track. For example, if the first element of the grid track contains the sentence "Repetitio est mater studiorum" and the second element contains the sentence "Dum spiro, spero", minimal content contribution will be defined by the size of the largest word among all of the sentences in the grid elements - "studiorum".

minmax(min, max)

Is a functional notation that defines a size range greater than or equal to min and less than or equal to max. If max is smaller than min, then max is ignored and the function is treated as min. As a maximum, a <flex> value sets the track's flex factor. It is invalid as a minimum.

auto

As a maximum represents the largest max-content size of the items in that track.

As a minimum represents the largest minimum size of items in that track (specified by the min-width/min-height of the items). This is often, though not always, the min-content size.

If used outside of minmax() notation, auto represents the range between the minimum and maximum described above. This behaves similarly to minmax(min-content,max-content) in most cases.

Note: auto track sizes (and only auto track sizes) can be stretched by the align-content and justify-content properties. Therefore by default, an auto sized track will take up any remaining space in the grid container.

fit-content( [ <length> | <percentage> ] )

Represents the formula max(minimum, min(limit, max-content)), where minimum represents an auto minimum (which is often, but not always, equal to a min-content minimum), and limit is the track sizing function passed as an argument to fit-content(). This is essentially calculated as the smaller of minmax(auto, max-content) and minmax(auto, limit).

repeat( [ <positive-integer> | auto-fill | auto-fit ] , <track-list> )

Represents a repeated fragment of the track list, allowing a large number of columns that exhibit a recurring pattern to be written in a more compact form.

masonry Experimental

The masonry value indicates that this axis should be laid out according to the masonry algorithm.

subgrid

The subgrid value indicates that the grid will adopt the spanned portion of its parent grid in that axis. Rather than being specified explicitly, the sizes of the grid rows/columns will be taken from the parent grid's definition.

Formal definition

Initial valuenone
Applies togrid containers
Inheritedno
Percentagesrefer to corresponding dimension of the content area
Computed valueas specified, but with relative lengths converted into absolute lengths
Animation typesimple list of length, percentage, or calc, provided the only differences are in the values of the length, percentage, or calc components in the list

Formal syntax

grid-template-columns = 
none |
<track-list> |
<auto-track-list> |
subgrid <line-name-list>?

<track-list> =
[ <line-names>? [ <track-size> | <track-repeat> ] ]+ <line-names>?

<auto-track-list> =
[ <line-names>? [ <fixed-size> | <fixed-repeat> ] ]* <line-names>? <auto-repeat> [ <line-names>? [ <fixed-size> | <fixed-repeat> ] ]* <line-names>?

<line-name-list> =
[ <line-names> | <name-repeat> ]+

<line-names> =
'[' <custom-ident>* ']'

<track-size> =
<track-breadth> |
minmax( <inflexible-breadth> , <track-breadth> ) |
fit-content( <length-percentage [0,∞]> )

<track-repeat> =
repeat( [ <integer [1,∞]> ] , [ <line-names>? <track-size> ]+ <line-names>? )

<fixed-size> =
<fixed-breadth> |
minmax( <fixed-breadth> , <track-breadth> ) |
minmax( <inflexible-breadth> , <fixed-breadth> )

<fixed-repeat> =
repeat( [ <integer [1,∞]> ] , [ <line-names>? <fixed-size> ]+ <line-names>? )

<auto-repeat> =
repeat( [ auto-fill | auto-fit ] , [ <line-names>? <fixed-size> ]+ <line-names>? )

<name-repeat> =
repeat( [ <integer [1,∞]> | auto-fill ] , <line-names>+ )

<track-breadth> =
<length-percentage [0,∞]> |
<flex [0,∞]> |
min-content |
max-content |
auto

<inflexible-breadth> =
<length-percentage [0,∞]> |
min-content |
max-content |
auto

<length-percentage> =
<length> |
<percentage>

<fixed-breadth> =
<length-percentage [0,∞]>

Examples

Specifying grid column sizes

HTML

html
<div id="grid">
  <div id="areaA">A</div>
  <div id="areaB">B</div>
</div>

CSS

css
#grid {
  display: grid;
  width: 100%;
  grid-template-columns: 50px 1fr;
}

#areaA {
  background-color: lime;
}

#areaB {
  background-color: yellow;
}

Result

Specifications

Specification
CSS Grid Layout Module Level 2
# track-sizing
CSS Grid Layout Module Level 2
# subgrids
CSS Grid Layout Module Level 3
# masonry-layout

Browser compatibility

BCD tables only load in the browser

See also