CSS grid-template-rows — Define grid row names and sizing

The grid-template-rows CSS property defines the line names and track sizing functions of the grid rows.

The source for this interactive example is stored in a GitHub repository. If you'd like to contribute to the interactive examples project, please clone https://github.com/mdn/interactive-examples and send us a pull request.

Syntax

/* Keyword value */
grid-template-rows: none;

/* <track-list> values */
grid-template-rows: 100px 1fr;
grid-template-rows: [linename] 100px;
grid-template-rows: [linename1] 100px [linename2 linename3];
grid-template-rows: minmax(100px, 1fr);
grid-template-rows: fit-content(40%);
grid-template-rows: repeat(3, 200px);

/* <auto-track-list> values */
grid-template-rows: 200px repeat(auto-fill, 100px) 300px;
grid-template-rows: minmax(100px, max-content)
                       repeat(auto-fill, 200px) 20%;
grid-template-rows: [linename1] 100px [linename2]
                       repeat(auto-fit, [linename3 linename4] 300px)
                       100px;
grid-template-rows: [linename1 linename2] 100px
                       repeat(auto-fit, [linename1] 300px) [linename3];

/* Global values */
grid-template-rows: inherit;
grid-template-rows: initial;
grid-template-rows: unset;

This property may be specified as:

• either the keyword value none
• or a <track-list> value
• or an <auto-track-list> value.

Values

none

Is a keyword meaning that there is no explicit grid. Any rows will be implicitly generated and their size will be determined by the grid-auto-rows property.

<length>

Is a non-negative length.

<percentage>

Is a non-negative <percentage> value, relative to the block size of the grid container. If the size of the grid container depends on the size of its tracks, then the percentage must be treated as auto.
The intrinsic size contributions of the track may be adjusted to the size of the grid container, and increase the final size of the track by the minimum amount that would result in honoring the percentage.

<flex>

Is a non-negative dimension with the unit fr specifying the track’s flex factor. Each <flex>-sized track takes a share of the remaining space in proportion to its flex factor. When appearing outside a minmax() notation, it implies an automatic minimum (i.e. minmax(auto, <flex>)).

max-content

Is a keyword representing the largest maximal content contribution of the grid items occupying the grid track.

min-content

Is a keyword representing the largest minimal content contribution of the grid items occupying the grid track.

minmax(min, max)

Is a functional notation that defines a size range, greater than or equal to min, and less than or equal to max. If max is smaller than min, then max is ignored and the function is treated as min. As a maximum, a <flex> value sets the track’s flex factor. It is invalid as a minimum.

auto

Is a keyword that is identical to maximal content if it's a maximum. As a minimum it represents the largest minimum size (as specified by min-width/min-height) of the grid items occupying the grid track.

Note: auto track sizes (and only auto track sizes) can be stretched by the align-content and justify-content properties.

fit-content( [ <length> | <percentage> ] )

Represents the formula min(max-content, max(auto, argument)), which is calculated similar to auto (i.e. minmax(auto, max-content)), except that the track size is clamped at argument if it is greater than the auto minimum.

repeat( [ <positive-integer> | auto-fill | auto-fit ] , <track-list> )

Represents a repeated fragment of the track list, allowing a large number of rows that exhibit a recurring pattern to be written in a more compact form.

Formal syntax

none | <track-list> | <auto-track-list>
where 
<track-list> = [ <line-names>? [ <track-size> | <track-repeat> ] ]+ <line-names>?
<auto-track-list> = [ <line-names>? [ <fixed-size> | <fixed-repeat> ] ]* <line-names>? <auto-repeat>
[ <line-names>? [ <fixed-size> | <fixed-repeat> ] ]* <line-names>?
where 
<line-names> = '[' <custom-ident>* ']'
<track-size> = <track-breadth> | minmax( <inflexible-breadth> , <track-breadth> ) | fit-content( [ <length> | <percentage> ] )
<track-repeat> = repeat( [ <positive-integer> ] , [ <line-names>? <track-size> ]+ <line-names>? )
<fixed-size> = <fixed-breadth> | minmax( <fixed-breadth> , <track-breadth> ) | minmax( <inflexible-breadth> , <fixed-breadth> )
<fixed-repeat> = repeat( [ <positive-integer> ] , [ <line-names>? <fixed-size> ]+ <line-names>? )
<auto-repeat> = repeat( [ auto-fill | auto-fit ] , [ <line-names>? <fixed-size> ]+ <line-names>? )
where 
<track-breadth> = <length-percentage> | <flex> | min-content | max-content | auto
<inflexible-breadth> = <length> | <percentage> | min-content | max-content | auto
<fixed-breadth> = <length-percentage>
where 
<length-percentage> = <length> | <percentage>

Examples

CSS

#grid {
  display: grid;
  height: 100px;
  grid-template-rows: 30px 1fr;
}

#areaA {
  background-color: lime;
}

#areaB {
  background-color: yellow;
}

HTML

<div id="grid">
  <div id="areaA">A</div>
  <div id="areaB">B</div>
</div>

Result

Polyfill

IE11 does not support automatic placement of grid items. All items end up in the first row/col of the grid unless explicitly annotated with -ms-grid-column and -ms-grid-row. One can use this JavaScript to enable automatic annotation (please see the source repository for updates):

// CSS Grid Annotator for IE 11
// Version: 0.2 by Tom Rothe
// URL: https://github.com/motine/css_grid_annotator
function cssGridAnnotate() {
  // check if we have IE11
  var agent = navigator.userAgent;
  var isIE11 = (agent.indexOf("Trident") >= 0) && (agent.indexOf("rv:11") >= 0);
  if (!isIE11) {
    return;
  }

  CSS_DISPLAY_GRID = "-ms-grid";
  CSS_TEMPLATE_COLS = "-ms-grid-columns";
  CSS_ROW = "-ms-grid-row";
  CSS_COL = "-ms-grid-column";

  function annotateAll(parentElement) {
    // we have to go through every single element to check the computed style
    // this is very performance heavy
    var elements = parentElement.querySelectorAll("*");
    for (var i = 0; i < elements.length; i++) {
      var elm = elements[i];
      if (isGridContainer(elm) && !containsAnnotations(elm)) { // we only check grid container, but we ignore the ones with pre-defined annotations
        annotateContainer(elm);
      }
    }
  }

  // it annotates the children with grid-column and grid-row, based on the grid-template-columns style attribute.
  function annotateContainer(container) {
    // determine columns
    var colCount = getTemplateColCount(container);
    if (!colCount) { return; }
    // annotate children
    var children = container.children;
    for (var i = 0, visibleIndex = 0; i < children.length; i++) { // i: which child do currently address?, visibleIndex: how many children were visible up until now? these two only differ if there are hidden elements
      var child = children[i];
      if (isHiddenElemeent(child)) { continue; }
      child.style[CSS_COL] = (visibleIndex % colCount) + 1;
      child.style[CSS_ROW] = Math.floor(visibleIndex / colCount) + 1;
      visibleIndex++;
    }
  }

  function handleInsert(ev) {
    if ((ev.target) && (ev.target.parentElement)) {
      annotateAll(ev.target.parentElement);
    }
  }

  function isGridContainer(elm) {
    var styles = window.getComputedStyle(elm);
    return styles.display === CSS_DISPLAY_GRID;
  }

  function isHiddenElemeent(elm) {
    return (elm.type === "hidden") || (window.getComputedStyle(elm).getPropertyValue("display") === "none");
  }

  // returns true if any of the direct children has CSS_COL or CSS_ROW in their computed style.
  function containsAnnotations(elm) {
    var children = elm.children;
    for (var i = 0; i < children.length; i++) {
      var child = children[i];
      var styles = window.getComputedStyle(child);
      if (styles.getPropertyValue(CSS_COL) != "1" || styles.getPropertyValue(CSS_ROW) != "1") { // IE will automatically determine that all elements are at (1, 1)
        return true;
      }
    }
    return false;
  }

  // returns the number of elements in a computed grid-template-columns attribute.
  // We do not need to consider functions such as repeat or minmax, because they are not supported by IE11 anyway (so either the autoprefixer resolves them or the style definition is broken for IE11 anyway).
  function getTemplateColCount(elm) {
    var styles = window.getComputedStyle(elm);
    var templateColumns = styles.getPropertyValue(CSS_TEMPLATE_COLS);
    if (!templateColumns) { return; }
    return templateColumns.split(" ").length;
  }

  annotateAll(document.body);
  window.addEventListener("DOMNodeInserted", handleInsert, false);
}

window.addEventListener("load", cssGridAnnotate);

Specifications

Browser compatibility

See also

• Related CSS properties: grid-template-columns, grid-template-areas, grid-template
• Grid Layout Guide: Basic concepts of grid layout - Grid Tracks
• Video tutorial: Defining a Grid